Company Overview
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Founded 1910
Company Description
Baidu World Technology Conference (News Release).
Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese multinational technology company focusing on Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China’s search engine market (by means of Baidu Search), and supplies a wide range of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion online forum).
Besides its core internet search company, Baidu has diversified into numerous high-growth areas. The company is a leading player in self-governing driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and clever consumer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a years of financial investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is one of the few tech business internationally to offer a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software application, chips, cloud facilities, structure models, and applications. [5]
The holding business of the group is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was incorporated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier online search engine developed by Robin Li in 1996, before he established Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]
In December 2007, Baidu became the very first Chinese business to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] As of May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu ended up being the very first Chinese company to join the United States-based computer principles consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has actually significantly concentrated on generative AI related items. [13]
The Chinese government views Baidu as one of its national champion corporations. [14]:156 -157
Early advancement
In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) signed up with IDD Information Services, a New Jersey division of Dow Jones and Company, where he assisted develop software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise dealt with establishing much better algorithms for search engines and stayed at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.
In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for online search engine results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got a United States patent for the technology. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the very first online search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of sites it was indexing. [19] Li referred to his search system as “link analysis,” which included ranking the appeal of a web site based on the number of other sites had connected to it. [20] It preceded the similar PageRank algorithm used by Google 2 years later on in 1998; [21] Google creator Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later on utilized his RankDex innovation for the Baidu online search engine.
Baidu was integrated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu permitted advertisers to bid for advertisement space then pay Baidu whenever a client clicked on an advertisement, preceding Google’s method to marketing. [20] In 2003, Baidu released a news online search engine and photo online search engine, embracing an unique identification technology efficient in recognizing and organizing the short articles. [23]
2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ
Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]
In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese market sources stated that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which enables the online search engine to become a full-fledged news site. Thus Baidu has the ability to provide its own reports, besides showing particular results as an engine. Baidu was the very first Chinese online search engine to receive such a license. [25]
Baidu began its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the company’s very first regular service outside of China in 2008. [26] The Japanese search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]
On 31 July 2012, Baidu announced that it would coordinate with Sina to provide mobile search results page. [28]
On 18 November 2012, Baidu announced that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to provide totally free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]
On 2 August 2013, Baidu introduced its Personal Assistant app, created to assist CEOs, supervisors and the white-collar employees manage their service relationships. [30]
On 16 May 2014, Baidu appointed Dr. Andrew Ng as chief researcher. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]
On 18 July 2014, the business released a Brazilian version of the online search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]
On 9 October 2014, Baidu announced acquisition of Brazilian regional e-commerce site Peixe Urbano. [33]
2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business
In April 2017, Baidu revealed the launch of its Apollo project (Apolong), a self-driving automobile platform, in a quote to help drive the development of self-governing cars consisting of automobile platform, hardware platform, open-source software application platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu plans to release this job in July 2017, before slowly presenting completely autonomous driving capabilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu introduced a $1.5 billion autonomous driving fund to invest in as many as 100 autonomous driving projects over the ensuing 3 years. [36] At the very same time, Apollo open-source software version 1.5 was likewise introduced. [37]
In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, vehicle market providers, on automated driving and linked cars and trucks. [38]
In July 2017, Baidu GBU participated in a partnership with Snap Inc. to function as the company’s official ad reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The partnership was extended in 2019. [40]
In September 2017, Baidu rolled out a brand-new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in numerous different languages. Smaller than a typical mobile phone, the 140-gram translation device can likewise be utilized as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to operate on networks in 80 countries. It is still under advancement. Baidu will also be placing expert system (AI) technology into mobile phones, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the exact same period, it has actually also led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, obtaining 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]
In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the exact same month, Baidu revealed that its first yearly Baidu World technology conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, uniting Baidu executives, employees, partners, developers, and media to discuss the business’s objective and strategy, innovation breakthroughs, new product advancements, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) community. [48]
China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champs” in 2018. [49]:281
In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU service” part of its abroad organization, which established a series of energy apps consisting of ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, and so on. [50] This company now operates independently of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]
2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing
In March 2021, Baidu secured a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock market, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese company in Hong Kong since JD.com’s noting the previous June.
In August 2021 Baidu exposed a brand-new Robocar principle stated to be efficient in Level 5 self-governing driving. [52] It likewise comes with the most recent second-generation AI chip that can analyse the internal and external environments to offer predictive recommendations to proactively serve the requirements of passengers.
In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electric vehicle company initially backed by Baidu and Geely revealed its very first concept ROBO-01 in the type of a pre-production vehicle. The ROBO-01 rides on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electric lorry platform established by Geely Holding. [53]
In August 2023, Baidu unveiled its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot publicly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a newer variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]
As of April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had completed six million trips using driverless robotaxis across 11 cities. The service runs a fleet of over 400 driverless vehicles in Wuhan. [56]
Domain name redirection attack
On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were altered such that web browsers to baidu.com were redirected to a website professing to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to be behind the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the proper website unusable for four hours. [57] Internet users were met a page saying “This site has been attacked by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later responded by assaulting Iranian websites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later launched legal action versus Register.com for gross carelessness after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical assistance staff changed the email address for Baidu.com on the request of an unnamed individual, regardless of failing security confirmation procedures. Once the address had actually been altered, the individual had the ability to use the forgotten password feature to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent out directly to them, permitting them to accomplish the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The claim was settled out of court under undisclosed terms after Register.com provided an apology. [62]
Baidu workers arrested
On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that 3 employees of Baidu were apprehended on suspicion that they accepted bribes. The bribes were supposedly spent for erasing posts from the forum service. Four individuals were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]
91 Wireless acquisition
On 16 July 2013, Baidu revealed its objective to buy 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app shop, but it has been reported that the app shop faces personal privacy and other legal problems. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu revealed that its completely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a definitive merger agreement to acquire 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest offer ever in China’s IT sector. [66]
Name
The name Baidu (百度) literally means “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “many times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having browsed numerous times in the crowd, suddenly reversing, she is there in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]
Services
Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its initial public offering that year. [69] It is noted at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements
Baidu’s main marketing product is called Baidu Tuiguang and is comparable to Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that allows marketers to have their ads displayed in Baidu search results page pages and on other sites that are part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results are also based upon payments by marketers. This has actually triggered criticism and uncertainty among Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on problems regarding dependability of Baidu results. Often as numerous as the first two pages of search engine result tend to be paid advertisers. [71]
Baidu offers its marketing products via a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it hard for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party company developed a tool with a user interface in English for marketing on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu need to have a signed up service address either in China or in specified East Asian nations. [75]
Competition
Baidu [76] competes with Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.
Baidu is the most pre-owned search engine in China, controlling 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The variety of Internet users in China had reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]
In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal short article, [78] Baidu played down its gain from Google’s having moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu’s share of profits in China’s search-advertising market grew six portion points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study company Analysys International.
It is likewise apparent that Baidu is trying to go into the Internet social media market. As of 2011 [update], it is going over the possibility of dealing with Facebook, which would result in a Chinese variation of the global social media, managed by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if carried out, would deal with off Baidu with competitors from the 3 popular Chinese social networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] along with induce rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]
On 22 February 2012, Hudong sent a complaint to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce asking for an evaluation of the behavior of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]
By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has rebranded its search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]
In February 2015, Baidu was alleged to have used anticompetitive techniques in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security firm PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the largest financier of PSafe). [85] [86]
In an ongoing competitors in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise referred to as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]
Research and patents
Baidu has actually started to invest in deep learning research and is incorporating brand-new deep learning technology into a few of its apps and items, consisting of Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]
In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live gotten a patent for its “DNA copyright acknowledgment” technology. This technology immediately scans files that are uploaded by Internet users, and recognizes and removes content that may violate copyright law. This allows Baidu to offer an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]
In April 2022, Baidu revealed they got permits from China to offer the very first driverless taxis. The business aim to provide driverless ride-hailing services to the general public and have 10 self-governing vehicles set to begin offering rides to travelers within a 23-square-mile area in rural begin starting 28 April 2022. [91]
In July 2022, Baidu revealed the Apollo RT6, a driverless automobile that is planned to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]
According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and limiting online censor in the search arena. Documents dripped in April 2009 from a worker in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department show a long list of obstructed websites and censored topics on Baidu search. [93]
In May 2011, activists took legal action against Baidu in the United States for breaching the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it performs in accord with the need of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has actually ruled [95] that the Chinese search engine Baidu has the right to obstruct works from its query results under freedom of speech rights, dismissing a suit that looked for to penalize the business. [96] [97]
In 2017, Baidu began coordinating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security as well as 372 Internet police departments to find information associated to “anti-government reports” and after that flooding “Baidu-linked website, news sites and gadgets with informs resolving misinformation.” [98] This was done utilizing natural language processing, big data and artificial intelligence. [98]
As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators advised Baidu, along with other Internet business, to “conduct unique guidance” on news and details associated to the disease. [99]
In November 2022, Sustainalytics downgraded Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact concepts due to complicity with censorship. [100]
Controversies
Death of Wei Zexi
In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results page reportedly contributed to the death of a student who tried an experimental cancer therapy he found online. The 21-year-old college student was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was diagnosed with synovial sarcoma, an uncommon type of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the healthcare facility had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment showed unsuccessful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]
After Wei’s household invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the health center, Wei Zexi passed away on 12 April 2016. The event set off massive online discussions after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the top watchdog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a group of investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report declared medical marketing offsets 30% of Baidu’s advertisement earnings, much of which originates from for-profit hospitals that come from the “Putian Network”, a collection of medical facilities across the country founded by medical business owners related to the Putian region of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to enforce several constraints on Baidu, including including disclaimers to promotional content and developing channels for complaints about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now largely directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to proclaim that “Online search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]
Commercialization of Tieba
Baidu offered the hemophilia online community, one of the communities of Tieba, to unqualified healthcare facilities. In January 2016, Baidu announced that it will stop offering all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu formally revealed to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all kinds of illness will totally stop commercial cooperation and will only be open to reliable public well-being companies. In reaction to Baidu’s choice, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, stated that private health centers have entered a duration of market improvement and upgrading, and are neither based on posting bar ads nor depending on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s decision will not have a negative effect on the industry. [108]
DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps
On 20 April 2019, it was reported that several applications for Android devices established by the subsidiary business, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running earnings improving background programs on user gadgets considering that at least 2016. [109] These programs, part of six recognized applications established by the business, and downloaded numerous millions times, were clicking internet ads – even when the gadgets were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase profits created by “clicks”. [109] Just one of the apps, all of which were readily available on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and carried a user rating of 4.5 stars by 10s of thousands. [109]
Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise banned from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, consisting of the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were banned from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]
Block in India
In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of numerous Chinese sites that were prohibited or blocked in India for nationwide security factors. [119]
2024 head of interactions debate
In May 2024, Baidu’s previous vice president and head of communications Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) stimulated major reactions across the Chinese social media for endorsing poisonous work environment culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a colleague to be on a 50-day business journey throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has actually aroused further discussions amongst Chinese netizens regarding Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu freely asked forgiveness after the incident and has actually supposedly lost her job. Baidu’s stock price fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the event. [121] [122]
Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual residential or commercial property in the People’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of search engines.
List of online search engine by appeal.
China.
Companies.
Internet.
Technology.
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Further reading
– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu creator rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia mobile phones”.